Hepatitis C (HCV) is a virus that causes an infection in the liver. The Hepatitis C blood test is used to detect past Hepatitis C infection in those who have symptoms of the disease and who are at high risk. More specifically, the HCV RNA PCR test is administered via a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There are two approaches used to conduct this process: qualitative and quantitative. The HCV RNA PCR quantitative test is useful for screening and monitoring the amount of HCV in your blood over time or gauging your response to the treatment proposed to reduce your viral load. The Hepatitis C virus infects the liver and can cause liver damage. Early symptoms include yellowing of skin or eyes, dark urine, nausea, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Those at high risk include drug users, health workers, those on dialysis, and those with risky sexual behavior. The test also detects antibodies to a previous Hepatitis C infection.

IgM antibodies to Hepatitis A suggest a current, acute or recent Hepatitis A infection.

Surface antigen usually appears in the serum after an incubation period of 1 to 6 months following exposure to Hepatitis B virus and peaks shortly after onset of symptoms. It typically disappears within 1 to 3 months. Persistence of Hepatitis B surface antigen for greater than 6 months is a prognostic indicator of chronic Hepatitis B infection.

Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the USA. The Chlamydia urine test is performed to detect the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis as the cause of a person's infection. the reproductive organs of both males and females are affected by this infection. The major signs and symptoms of this infection include painful urination, pain during sex, lower abdominal pain, and genital discharge.
Chlamydia bacterial infection is spread through sexual contact with an infected partner. The disease may have no symptoms in its early stages, the Chlamydia test should be done in sexually active males and females from time to time, with a doctor’s recommendation.
Gonorrhea is another common sexually transmitted infection/disease. The Gonorrhea Urine Test is used to assess gonorrhea, caused by the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. Gonorrhea infection affects the genitals, rectum, and throat which include cervicitis in women, and urethritis, pharyngitis, and proctitis in both sexes. It causes painful urination, itching, and genital discharge. If left untreated, it can damage organs and become a reason for infertility in women and men. It can even lead to a life-threatening bacterial infection.

HIV is the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). There are two forms of the HIV virus namely HIV -1 and HIV - 2. HIV -1 is the predominant cause of HIV infection.

The HIV blood test, also known as the fourth-generation HIV screening test, is used to detect both HIV antigen, a viral protein called p24 antigen, as well as HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. In many people, the antibodies will appear within 12 weeks from the point of exposure. In some people, antibodies may be detectable as early as 4 weeks from exposure. One will have a lot of these p24 antigens in the bloodstream in the first few weeks after infection and then it drops to untraceable levels during the time when antibodies begin to develop. The blend of screening for both antibodies and antigen allow this test to detect a significantly higher number of early infections than previous HIV generation-based screening tests. Fourth-generation HIV tests are more reliable than third-generation tests, which are meant to detect HIV antibodies only.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema Pallidum. Syphilis develops in stages that can last for a few weeks, months, or even years. The clinical stages of Syphilis are classified as primary, secondary, latent (hidden), and tertiary (late) . Diagnosing syphilis merely by analyzing its symptoms is not the definitive way to screen the same. The Treponema Pallidum (Syphilis) Screening Cascade test is used to screen for and diagnose Syphilis. First of all, an initial testing is done to screen for treponemal antibodies that cause a Syphilis infection.  The RPR (rapid plasma reagin) test will be performed if these antibodies are discovered to confirm the patient's diagnosis. If the RPR Screen is reactive, then the RPR Titer will be performed. However, if the RPR Screen is non-reactive, then Treponema Pallidum Antibody, Particle Agglutination will be performed.

Herpes is a common viral infection that is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). The virus exists in two forms: Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2). HSV-1 causes oral and genital herpes, whereas HSV-2 causes genital herpes.HSV-1 is usually transmitted through oral contact and can result in cold sores or fever blisters in or around the mouth. In rare cases, it can also be transmitted through oral-genital contact and cause lesions or infection in or around the genital area. On the other hand, HSV-2 is transmitted through genital-to-genital contact during sex, leading to skin infections, sores, and blisters in the genitals or anal region. 

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (IgG), with Reflex to HSV-2 Inhibition test is used to Detect IgG antibodies specific to HSV types 1 and/or 2 infections. It is used to confirm or rule out possible infection with herpes simplex types 1 and/or 2 virus in prenatal patients in whom HSV 2 infection can cause serious prenatal disease.  The performance of this assay has not been established for use in a pediatric population, for neonatal screening, or for testing of immunocompromised patients.